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A systematic approach to ON-OFF event detection and clustering analysis of non-intrusive appliance load

Chuan Choong YANG,Chit Siang SOH,Vooi Voon YAP

《能源前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第2期页码 231-237 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0358-6

摘要： The aim of non-intrusive appliance load monitoring (NIALM) is to disaggregate the energy consumption of individual electrical appliances from total power consumption utilizing non-intrusive methods. In this paper, a systematic approach to ON-OFF event detection and clustering analysis for NIALM were presented. From the aggregate power consumption data set, the data are passed through median filtering to reduce noise and prepared for the event detection algorithm. The event detection algorithm is to determine the switching of ON and OFF status of electrical appliances. The goodness-of-fit (GOF) methodology is the event detection algorithm implemented. After event detection, the events detected were paired into ON-OFF pairing appliances. The results from the ON-OFF pairing algorithm were further clustered in groups utilizing the -means clustering analysis. The -means clustering were implemented as an unsupervised learning methodology for the clustering analysis. The novelty of this paper is the determination of the time duration an electrical appliance is turned ON through combination of event detection, ON-OFF pairing and -means clustering. The results of the algorithm implementation were discussed and ideas on future work were also proposed.

关键词： non-intrusive appliance load monitoring event detection goodness-of-fit (GOF) K-means clustering ON-OFF pairing

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Clustering economic sectors in China on a life cycle basis to achieve environmental sustainability

Sai LIANG, Tianzhu ZHANG, Xiaoping JIA

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第1期页码 97-108 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0402-2

摘要： To improve material efficiency, industrial structure optimization becomes a focal point in Chinese industrial and environmental policies. It is crucial to cluster economic sectors and determine their priority for industrial and environmental policy implementation. Integrating a set of criteria, a hybrid input-output model and the hierarchical cluster analysis, this study clusters China’s economic sectors and determines their priority on a life cycle basis. China’s economic sectors are clustered into three clusters. Industrial structure changes (industrial policy) should encourage the development of sectors in cluster 1 and limit the development of sectors in cluster 2. Technology development and materials recycling (two environmental policies) should mainly focus on sectors in clusters 1 and 2. Future industrial policies in China should limit the development of two sectors named and . Instead of limiting some industries by command-and-control, the best policy option is to remedy environmental standards and law enforcement. Enterprises belonging to the identified key sectors from the viewpoint of direct production impacts should be concerned to achieve enterprise sustainability. To achieve sustainable production chains, the identified key sectors from the viewpoint of accumulative production impacts should be concerned. For sustainable consumption, the identified key sectors from the viewpoint of consumption impacts should be concerned to transform consumption styles. Most of environmental pressure can be alleviated not only by technical improvements and material recycling, but also by the development of economic sectors in cluster 1.

关键词： cluster analysis input-output model life cycle material flow analysis sustainable development

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Seasonal variations of transport pathways andpotential sources of PM

Yuan Chen, Shaodong Xie, Bin Luo

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1009-z

摘要： Seasonal pattern of transport pathways and potential sourcesof PM in Chengdu during 2012–2013were investigated based on hourly PM data,backward trajectories, clustering analysis, potential source contributionfunction (PSCF), and concentration-weighted trajectory (CWT) method.The annual hourly mean PM concentrationin Chengdu was 97.4 mg·m . 5, 5, 5 and 3 mean clusters were generatedin four seasons, respectively. Short-distance air masses, which travelledwithin the Sichuan Basin with no specific source direction and relativelyhigh PM loadings (>80 mg·m ) appearedas important pathways in all seasons. These short pathways indicatedthat emissions from both local and surrounding regions of Chengducontributed significantly to PM pollution.The cities in southern Chengdu were major potential sources with PSCF>0.6and CWT>90 mg·m . The northeastern pathway prevailed throughoutthe year with higher frequency in autumn and winter and lower frequencyin spring and summer. In spring, long-range transport from southernXinjiang was a representative dust invasion path to Chengdu, and theCWT values along the path were 30-60 mg·m . Long-range transportwas also observed in autumn from southeastern Xinjiang along a northwesterlypathway, and in winter from the Tibetan Plateau along a westerly pathway.In summer, the potential source regions of Chengdu were smaller thanthose in other seasons, and no long-range transport pathway was observed.Results of PSCF and CWT indicated that regions in Qinghai and Tibetcontributed to PM pollution in Chengdu aswell, and their CWT values increased to above 30 mg·m in winter.

关键词： Transport pathway Backwardtrajectory Clustering analysis Potential source Chengdu

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一种基于锚点的谱聚类方法 None

Qin ZHANG, Guo-qiang ZHONG, Jun-yu DONG

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第19卷第11期页码 1385-1396 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1700262

摘要：为解决该问题，提出一种新的基于锚点谱聚类方法（anchor-based spectral clustering，ASC）。将该方法与经典谱聚类方法和两种最新谱聚类加速方法，即能量迭代聚类（power iteration clustering，PIC）和基于地标聚类（landmark-based spectral clustering

关键词：聚类；谱聚类；图拉普拉斯；锚点

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Association of metabolic syndrome with arterial compliance in children and adolescents

ZHANG Li, MI Jie, LI Ming, JIANG Benyu

《医学前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第1期页码 68-73 doi: 10.1007/s11684-007-0014-6

摘要： The association of metabolic syndrome (MS) with arterial compliance in children and adolescents was explored. 337 subjects (188 men and 149 women) aged 6 18 (10.95?3.01) years, out of Beijing Child Metabolic Syndrome Study , were divided into three case groups (one component, two components, three & more components of MS) and one control group based on the Cook s MS definition in children and adolescents. Measurements including anthropometry, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose and insulin, serum lipid profile were done. Homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index was calculated for estimating individual insulin resistance. Arterial compliance was measured using digital pulse wave analyzing method from the pulse trace machine (Micro medical, London), and then the stiffness index (SI) was determined. The mean value of SI in MS group was significant higher than that in control group [(7.69?1.63) vs (6.25?0.86) m/s, <0.01]. With the increase of the clustering of MS components, SI and HOMA-IR were gradually increased. After taking account of gender, age and pubertal development, the partial correlation analysis showed that the amount of components of MS and HOMA-IR were positively correlated with SI (both values were less than 0.05). The arterial compliance of MS group was significantly lowered in children and adolescents, and with the increase of the clustering of MS components, arterial compliance was gradually decreased. It was suggested that arterial compliance assessment in children and adolescents was important for early prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

关键词： compliance assessment correlation analysis cardiovascular clustering HOMA-IR

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A sampling method based on URL clustering for fast web accessibility evaluation

Meng-ni ZHANG,Can WANG,Jia-jun BU,Zhi YU,Yu ZHOU,Chun CHEN

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第16卷第6期页码 449-456 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1400377

摘要： When evaluating the accessibility of a large website, we rely on sampling methods to reduce the cost of evaluation. This may lead to a biased evaluation when the distribution of checkpoint violations in a website is skewed and the selected samples do not provide a good representation of the entire website. To improve sampling quality, stratified sampling methods first cluster web pages in a site and then draw samples from each cluster. In existing stratified sampling methods, however, all the pages in a website need to be analyzed for clustering, causing huge I/O and computation costs. To address this issue, we propose a novel page sampling method based on URL clustering for web accessibility evaluation, namely URLSamp. Using only the URL information for stratified page sampling, URLSamp can efficiently scale to large websites. Meanwhile, by exploiting similarities in URL patterns, URLSamp cluster pages by their generating scripts and can thus effectively detect accessibility problems from web page templates. We use a data set of 45 web sites to validate our method. Experimental results show that our URLSamp method is both effective and efficient for web accessibility evaluation.

关键词： Page sampling URL clustering Web accessibility evaluation

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Application of a Novel Fuzzy Clustering Method Based on Chaos Immune Evolutionary Algorithm for Edge

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2006年第1卷第1期页码 85-89 doi: 10.1007/s11465-005-0023-6

摘要：

A novel fuzzy clustering method based on chaos immune evolutionary algorithm (CIEFCM) is presented to solve fuzzy edge detection problems in image processing. In CIEFCM, a tiny disturbance is added to a filial generation group using a chaos variable and the disturbance amplitude is adjusted step by step, which greatly improves the colony diversity of the immune evolution algorithm (IEA). The experimental results show that the method not only can correctly detect the fuzzy edge and exiguous edge but can evidently improve the searching efficiency of fuzzy clustering algorithm based on IEA.

关键词： disturbance amplitude disturbance diversity generation processing

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A chemometric analysis on the fluorescent dissolved organic matter in a full-scale sequencing batch reactor

Chen Qian, Wei Chen, Wei-Hua Li, Han-Qing Yu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0962-2

摘要： Rapid monitoring of water quality is crucial to the operation of municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) in combination with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) has been used as a powerful tool for the characterization of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in WWTPs. However, a recent work has revealed the drawback of PARAFAC analysis, i.e., overestimating the component number. A novel method, parallel factor framework-clustering analysis (PFFCA), has been developed in our earlier work to resolve this drawback of PARAFAC. In the present work, both PARAFAC and PFFCA were used to analyze the EEMs of water samples from a full-scale WWTP from a practical application point of view. The component number and goodness-of-fit from these two methods were compared and the relationship between the relative score change of component and the actual concentration was investigated to evaluate the estimation error introduced by both methods. PFFCA score and actual concentration exhibited a higher correlation coefficient ( = 0.870) compared with PARAFAC ( <0.771), indicating that PFFCA provided a more accurate relative change estimation than PARAFAC. The results suggest that use of PARAFAC may cause confusion in selecting the component number, while EEM-PFFCA is a more reliable alternative approach for monitoring water quality in WWTPs.

关键词： Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) Excitation-emission matrix (EEM) Parallel factor (PARAFAC) Parallel factor framework-clustering analysis (PFFCA)

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基于petri网装配序列灰色聚类决策研究

莫茜,罗毅

《中国工程科学》 2008年第10卷第11期页码 65-68

摘要：

利用petri网直观图形化特点建立装配模型，并根据petri网原理得出可行装配序列。影响可行装配序列的大部分因素是定性的、模糊的、非数值的，将装配序列看作灰色系统，采用灰色聚类决策方法对可行序列进行评估。分析了影响因素的灰色分类并且研究了灰色聚类决策步骤。实例分析表明，该方法为petri网原理所得可行序列进行正确的评估并且得出决策向量。

关键词：装配序列 petri网灰色聚类决策

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TIE算法：一种用于处理演化数据的聚类分层分类法生成技术上层算法 None

Rabia IRFAN, Sharifullah KHAN, Kashif RAJPOOT, Ali Mustafa QAMAR

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第19卷第6期页码 763-782 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1700517

摘要：分类法可实现对大量数据的有效组织和访问。分类法是表示数据概念的一种方法，其需要通过不断演进来反映数据变化。现有分类法自动生成技术无法处理数据演化，因此，所生成的分类法不能真实反映数据。为反映数据演变，可从头对分类法进行再生，或根据数据变化随时对分类法进行增量演进。其中，前者的时间和资源成本较高。提出一种新颖的分类增量进化（TIE）算法，用于处理随时间演变的数据。TIE是一种现有聚类分层分类法生成技术的上层算法，它允许现有分类法增量地演进。在计算机领域的研究论文中对该算法进行了评估。结果表明，与从头再生分类法相比，随数据演化的分类法生成算法耗时非常短，且在单位时间下性能更佳。

关键词：分类法；聚类算法；信息科学；知识管理；机器学习

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基于连通可靠度约束的分簇算法研究

于继明,孙亚民,雷艳静,杨余旺

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第9期页码 73-77

摘要：

在研究了一些分簇算法基础上，提出基于连通可靠度约束的、适合大规模随机部署的快速成簇算法。仿真表明基于连通可靠度约束的快速成簇算法得到的分簇覆盖面广、簇头分布合理、稳定性强，与最小ID分簇及优化的最大连接数分簇算法相比，得到簇头数量少，分簇更合理，各成员节点与簇头的连通可靠度好，能保证网络的稳定性与健壮性，大大减少重构开销带来的通信代价，有利于均衡网络能量消耗，延长网络生命周期。

关键词：无线自组传感器网连通可靠度分簇算法

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基于GPU的密度峰值并行聚类算法 Article

Ke-shi GE, Hua-you SU, Dong-sheng LI, Xi-cheng LU

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第18卷第7期页码 915-927 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1601786

摘要：基于密度峰值的聚类方法DP （density peak）由于其新颖有效的特点而广泛应用于科学研究。然而，当确定集群中心时，DP会对每对数据点操作多次，从而导致较高的计算复杂度。在本文中，我们提出了一种基于GPU （graphics processing unit）的高效并行密度峰值算法。我们分析密度峰值聚类算法的原理来研究其计算瓶颈，并评估其并行的潜力。根据分析，我们提出了CUDA-DP （compute unified device architecture-DP），一种针对GPU架构的高效并行密度峰值聚类算法，并用CUDA实现了这种并行方法。具体来说，我们使用共享内存减少了全局内存访问量。更进一步，为了利用GPU的合并访问机制，我们将CUDA-DP程序的数据结构从AOS （array of structures）重构为SOA （structure of arrays）。另外，我们分别引入二进制搜索方法和采样方法，以避免对距离矩阵进行排序造成的计算开销。实验结果表明，与基于CPU的密度峰值实现相比，CUDA-DP可以实现超过45倍的加速。

关键词： GPU；密度峰值；聚类；并行计算

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鲁棒的极大熵聚类算法RMEC及其例外点标识

邓赵红,王士同,吴锡生,胡德文

《中国工程科学》 2004年第6卷第9期页码 38-45

摘要：

针对极大熵聚类算法MEC（maximum entropy clustering）对例外点（outliers）较敏感和不能标识例外点的缺陷，提出了一种改进的极大熵聚类算法RMEC（robust maximumentropy clustering）。

关键词：熵聚类鲁棒性例外点 ε-不敏感损失函数权重因子

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Application of

Weifang SHI, Weihua ZENG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第1期页码 117-127 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0581-5

摘要： The homogeneous risk characteristics within a sub-area and the heterogeneous from one sub-area to another are unclear using existing environmental risk zoning methods. This study presents a new zoning method by determining and categorizing the risk characteristics using the -means clustering data mining technology. The study constructs indices and develops index quantification models for environmental risk zoning by analyzing the mechanism of environmental risk occurrence. We calculate the source risk index, air risk field index, water risk field index, and target vulnerability of the study area with Nanjing Chemical Industrial Park using a 100 m × 100 m mesh grid as the basic zoning unit, and then use -means clustering to analyze the environmental risk in the area. We obtain the optimal clustering number with the largest average silhouette coefficient by calculating the average silhouette coefficients of clustering at different -values. The clustering result with the optimal clustering number is then used for the environmental risk zoning, and the zoning result is mapped using the geographic information system. The study area is divided into five sub-areas. The common environmental risk characteristics within the same sub-area, as well as the differences between sub-areas, are presented. The zoning is helpful in risk management and is convenient for decision makers to distribute limited resources to different sub-areas in the design of risk reducing intervention.

关键词： environmental risk zoning k-means clustering silhouette coefficient chemical industrial park risk management

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基于专家示教聚类经验池的高效深度强化学习 Research Article

王士珉1,赵彬琦1,张政锋1,张军平1,浦剑2

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第24卷第11期页码 1541-1556 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2300084

摘要：作为强化学习领域最基本的主题之一，样本效率对于深度强化学习算法的部署至关重要。与现有大多数从不同类型的后验分布中对动作进行采样的探索方法不同，我们专注于策略的采样过程，提出一种有效的选择性采样方法，通过对环境的内部层次结构建模来提高样本效率。具体来说，首先在策略采样过程中使用聚类方法生成动作候选集，随后引入一个用于对内部层次结构建模的聚类缓冲区，它由同轨数据、异轨数据以及专家数据组成，用于评估探索阶段动作候选集中不同类别动作的价值。通过这种方式，我们的方法能够更多地利用专家示教数据中的监督信息。在6种不同的连续运动环境中进行了实验，结果表明选择性采样方法具有卓越的强化学习性能和更快的收敛速度。特别地，在LGSVL任务中，该方法可以减少46.7%的收敛步数和28.5%的收敛时间。代码已开源，见https://github.com/Shihwin/SelectiveSampling。

关键词：强化学习；采样效率；采样过程；聚类方法；自动驾驶

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标题作者时间类型操作

A systematic approach to ON-OFF event detection and clustering analysis of non-intrusive appliance load

Chuan Choong YANG,Chit Siang SOH,Vooi Voon YAP

期刊论文

Clustering economic sectors in China on a life cycle basis to achieve environmental sustainability

Sai LIANG, Tianzhu ZHANG, Xiaoping JIA

期刊论文

Seasonal variations of transport pathways andpotential sources of PM

Yuan Chen, Shaodong Xie, Bin Luo

期刊论文